Overview of the national policy framework for energy communities

Germany has a long-standing tradition of community-driven energy initiatives, even before the introduction of the EU Clean Energy Package. The most prominent concept is the Bürgerenergiegesellschaft (citizen energy company), now aligned with the EU definition of a renewable energy community as per the REDII Directive, particularly following amendments to the Renewable Energies Law (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz-EEG ) in 2023, with which the Government reformed its framework for renewables support schemes. This definition facilitates access to market premiums, exemptions from tendering, and investment support, notably for onshore wind and photovoltaic projects.

They are defined by criteria such as minimum numbers of local, natural-person members, restrictions on voting rights, and ownership limits. While energy sharing via the public grid is not permitted, 'tenant electricity' and localised communal supply models are allowed. The EEG also provides an enabling framework by exempting qualifying projects from competitive tenders and offering fixed tariffs. Projects that qualify must meet strict criteria related to scale, location, and notification timelines. Additionally, a dedicated investment fund supports early-stage development of wind energy projects under a grant-to-loan model, covering a range of preparatory costs.

Last updated: April 2025